Khaled Sulaiman The world is waiting for the Glasgow Climate Summit, set to take place in November. The decisions made there will be intended to help rescue the world from unprecedented warming. Inevitably, the attention will be on the world’s largest countries, who are responsible for much of climate change. But what are the environmental responsibilities for the countries of the Middle East and North Africa? What challenges do they face, and how do they overcome them? Since the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, there has been a global consensus to keep the worldwide rise in temperatures to “well below” 2°C, but preferably 1.5°C. At 1.5°C, the number of people dying from heat and tropical diseases will still increase significantly in the parts of the world already plagued by them. At 2°C, the geographic range of those diseases will increase, introducing malaria, for example, to countries that presently don’t have it. At 1.5°C, 6 per cent of the world’s insects, 8 per cent of p